Training the Floor: Building Dealer Capacity for the ESX

An exchange is only as good as the people standing at its desks. Ethiopia can build a trading floor, write the rulebook, and ring the opening bell — but a market needs dealers who know how to price, quote, settle and manage risk under live conditions, and those are...

Sending It Home: Ethiopia Liberalises Profit Remittances and Borrowing

The hardest part of investing in Ethiopia was never putting money in. It was getting the returns out. A foreign company could build a factory, hire and train a workforce, turn a profit — and then watch its dividends sit in a queue, waiting on a central-bank approval...

Open Accounts: FDI Firms Gain Foreign-Currency Autonomy

For a foreign company operating in Ethiopia, the foreign-currency account used to be a permission, not a right. Opening one meant approaching the National Bank of Ethiopia, making the case, and waiting for a yes that arrived on the regulator's schedule rather than the...

Full Retention: What FX Freedom Means for Service Exporters

For years, the unwritten rule of earning hard currency in Ethiopia was that you did not get to keep it. A software house in Addis Ababa billing a client in dollars, a logistics firm invoicing a shipper in euros, a call centre selling its hours abroad — each watched a...

Surplus and Steady: Ethiopia’s Balance-of-Payments Turn

A trade surplus in a country that imports most of what it consumes is the kind of result that deserves a second look before a celebration. Ethiopia has recorded one — a balance-of-payments surplus built on stronger exports and transfers — and the National Bank of...

Diverging Rates: Reading Ethiopia’s Liquidity Squeeze

When two interest rates that should move together start moving apart, the gap is telling you something the headline rate will not. In Ethiopia today, the government can borrow short-term money at 12.4 percent while banks lending to one another are paying 19.7 percent....

Inflation Halves: What 9.7 Percent Means for Borrowing in Ethiopia

Falling inflation is usually reported as relief. For anyone deciding whether to borrow, it is better understood as a change in the terms of a bet. When prices were climbing at more than fifteen percent a year, debt quietly forgave itself — every month of inflation...

The Crypto Line: Why Ethiopia Still Bars Peer-to-Peer Birr Trading

Every regulator that bans a market is also, implicitly, conceding that the market exists. Ethiopia's reaffirmed prohibition on peer-to-peer crypto trading in birr is best read this way: not as a statement that digital assets are absent from the country, but as an...

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